CountryImplementerRegulatorLILWHLW / SNFTarget
FI Finland Posiva Oy STUK Cavern · Operation Direct disposal · Licensing 2026
SE Sweden SKB SSM Cavern · Operation Direct disposal · Licensing 2035
FR France Andra ASNR Near-surface · Operation Reprocessing · Licensing 2035
US United States DOE (Office of Nuclear Energy / EM) NRC / EPA Near-surface · Operation Direct disposal · Policy
GB United Kingdom Nuclear Waste Services (NWS) ONR / Environment Agency Near-surface · Operation Direct disposal · Siting 2050
CA Canada NWMO CNSC None · Policy Direct disposal · Siting 2040
CH Switzerland Nagra ENSI None · Licensing Direct disposal · Licensing 2050
DE Germany BGE BASE Cavern · Construction Direct disposal · Siting 2050
JP Japan NUMO / JNFL NRA Near-surface · Operation Reprocessing · Siting
KR South Korea KORAD (한국원자력환경공단) NSSC (원자력안전위원회) Cavern · Operation Direct disposal · Policy 2060
BE Belgium ONDRAF/NIRAS FANC/AFCN Near-surface · Construction Direct disposal · Policy 2050
CZ Czech Republic SÚRAO SÚJB Near-surface · Operation Direct disposal · Siting 2050
ES Spain ENRESA CSN Near-surface · Operation Direct disposal · Policy 2073
HU Hungary PURAM (RHK Kft.) HAEA (OAH) Cavern · Operation Direct disposal · Siting 2064
CN China CNNC / BRIUG NNSA Near-surface · Operation Reprocessing · Siting 2050
RU Russia NO RAO / Rosatom Rostechnadzor Near-surface · Operation Reprocessing · Construction 2035